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DBA Tips Archive for Oracle. Building an Inexpensive Oracle RAC 1. R2 on Linux - (RHEL 5). Jeff Hunter, Sr. Database Administrator.
Contents. Introduction. Oracle RAC 1. 1g Release 2 allows DBA's to configure a cluster database solution. In most cases, this would be a Storage Area Network (SAN). US$1. 0,0. 00. For those who want.
Oracle RAC 1. 1g without a major cash outlay. Oracle RAC 1. 1g Release 2 system using commercial off- the- shelf. US$2,8. 00. All shared disk storage for Oracle RAC will be based on. Openfiler release 2. For example, the.
Oracle Clusterware files (OCR and voting files) and all physical. For a production RAC. Gigabit. (or more) with redundant paths and . A third. dedicated network interface (eth. Gigabit network for access to the network storage server.
Openfiler). In addition to this. Oracle documents to gain a full.
Oracle RAC 1. 1g. Oracle's official documentation site is.
The operating system (r. Path Linux) and the Openfiler. SATA disk. A second internal 7. GB 1. 5K SCSI. hard disk will be configured as a single. The Openfiler server will be configured to. SCSI based storage and will be used in our Oracle RAC 1. Oracle Grid Infrastructure and the Oracle RAC database.
One OS user will. Oracle software product —. Throughout this article. Oracle Grid Infrastructure binaries is called the. This user will own both the Oracle Clusterware and.
Oracle Automatic Storage Management binaries. The user created to own the Oracle. Oracle RAC) will be called the oracle user. Both Oracle software.
Oracle Inventory group (oinstall) as their primary group. Oracle software installation owner can write to the central inventory. Inventory), and so that OCR and Oracle Clusterware resource permissions are. The Oracle RAC software owner must also have the OSDBA group and the. OSOPER group as secondary groups. Using GNS eliminates the need for.
IP addresses and name resolution and is especially advantageous in. For example, activating GNS in a cluster requires a DHCP server. Oracle RAC. It was technically possible (although not. IP addresses only.
The answer is. SCAN. In addition to the requirement of configuring. SCAN virtual IP address in DNS, we will also configure the public and. IP address for all Oracle RAC nodes in DNS for name resolution. Clients using SCAN.
TNS configuration if you add or remove nodes in the cluster. You will be asked to provide the host name. SCAN name in this document) and up to three IP addresses. SCAN resource during the interview phase of the. Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.
However. unlike a virtual IP, the SCAN is associated with the entire cluster. IP addresses, not just one address. Clients that access the Oracle RAC. SCAN or SCAN address, not the VIP name or address. Note that SCAN addresses. IP addresses, and public IP addresses must all be on the same subnet. Part of this solution.
Oracle Clusterware files; namely the. Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) and the Voting Files (VF, also known. Voting Disks) on ASM. This feature enables ASM. For example, a Normal Redundancy. ASM disk group will hold a two- way- mirrored OCR. A failure of one disk.
OCR. With a. High Redundancy ASM disk group (three- way- mirrored), two independent. OCR. With External Redundancy.
Oracle. When configuring Oracle Clusterware files on. Oracle recommends using either normal or high. ASM disk groups. If disk mirroring is already occurring at either. OS or hardware level, you can use external redundancy. They follow. the ASM disk group configuration with respect to redundancy, but are not.
ASM files in the disk group. Instead, each voting disk.
The disk and the location. Voting Files on the disks are stored internally within. Oracle Clusterware.
To view the OCR, use ASMCMD. The listing. does not show the Voting File(s) because they are not managed as normal. ASM files. To find the location of all Voting Files within Oracle. Clusterware, use the crsctl query css votedisk command as follows.
ONLINE 4cbbd. 0de. ORCL: CRSVOL1) . Please note that installing Oracle Clusterware. This guide will store the OCR and voting disk files.
ASM in an ASM disk group named +CRS using. OCR location and one. The ASM disk group should be be created. GB in size. Ensure that the hardware you purchase. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and Openfiler 2.
Final Release). A cluster is a group of two. The key benefit of clustering is to provide a. Oracle) does not bring down. In the case of failure with one of the servers. The ARCnet product enjoyed much success by academia types. It wasn't long, however, before Oracle realized the need.
DLM) as the. one included with the VAX/VMS cluster product was not well suited for. Oracle decided to design and write their own DLM.
VAX/VMS cluster product which provided the fine- grain block level. Oracle's own DLM was included in Oracle 6. Oracle Parallel Server (OPS) - the first database to. This framework required. By Oracle. 8. Oracle introduced a generic lock manager that was integrated into the Oracle.
In later releases of Oracle, this became known as the Integrated. Distributed Lock Manager (IDLM) and relied on an additional layer known as. Operating System Dependant (OSD) layer.
This new model paved the way for. Oracle to not only have their own DLM, but to also create their own clusterware. Using the same IDLM, Oracle. Cluster Ready Services (CRS). With Oracle. 9i, CRS was only available. Windows and Linux.
By Oracle 1. 0g release 1, Oracle's clusterware product was. Oracle RAC. With the release of Oracle Database 1. Release 2 (1. 0. 2).
Cluster Ready Services was renamed to Oracle Clusterware. When using Oracle 1.
Oracle Clusterware is the only clusterware that you need for most. Oracle RAC operates (except for Tru cluster, in which case you. You can still use clusterware from other vendors if the. Oracle RAC still requires. Oracle Clusterware as it is fully integrated with the database software. This guide. uses Oracle Clusterware which as of 1. Release 2 (1. 1. 2), is now a component of.
Oracle Grid Infrastructure. RAC provides fault tolerance, load balancing, and performance benefits. Each instance in the cluster. The data disks must be globally available in. Each instance has its own redo log. UNDO tablespace that are locally read/writable.
The other instances in the. The redo log files for an instance are only writable by. The. UNDO, on the other hand, is read all the time during normal database operation. With OPS. a request for data from one instance to another required the data to be written to. This process was called disk pinging.
With cache fusion, data is. Some vendors use an approach. Federated Cluster, in which data is spread across several machines rather. With Oracle RAC, however, multiple instances use the same set of. Oracle's approach to clustering leverages the collective.
This article, however, focuses on putting together. Oracle RAC 1. 1g environment for development and testing by using Linux servers. SCSI. Protocols. supported by Fibre Channel include SCSI and IP. Fibre channel configurations.
Gigabits. per second in each direction, and 4. Gbps is expected.
Just the fibre channel switch alone. US$1,0. 00. This does not even include the fibre channel. US$3. 00 for. a single 3. GB drive. A typical fibre channel setup which includes fibre channel. US$1. 0,0. 00, which does not include the cost of. Oracle database cluster.
SCSI technology provides. GPL- based Linux prices, even SCSI can come in over budget, at. US$2,0. 00 to US$5,0. Specifically, you need servers that guarantee direct I/O. NFS, TCP as the transport protocol, and read/write block sizes of 3.
K. See. the Certify page on Oracle Metalink for supported Network Attached Storage (NAS). Oracle RAC. One of the key drawbacks that has. NFS and NAS for database storage has been. Standard NFS. client software (client systems that use the operating system provided NFS driver). Oracle database file I/O access patterns.
With the. introduction of Oracle 1. Direct NFS Client. NFS client functionality directly in the Oracle software. Through. this integration, Oracle is able to optimize the I/O path between the Oracle. NFS server resulting in significant performance gains.
Direct. NFS Client can simplify, and in many cases automate, the performance optimization. NFS client configuration for database workloads. To learn more about. Direct NFS Client, see the Oracle White Paper entitled. This solution offers a.
Still today, however. FC SANs suffer from three major disadvantages. The first is price. Since its adoption, many. Fibre Channel specifications. When purchasing Fibre Channel components from a common manufacturer. It requires a separate network technology along with a second.
Today, i. SCSI SANs remain the leading competitor to FC SANs. Database servers depend on this. NAS systems) in order to work properly. The TCP/IP protocol, however, is very. CPU intensive. With i.
SCSI, most of the processing of the data. TCP and i. SCSI) is handled in software and is much slower than Fibre Channel. The overhead incurred in mapping.
SCSI command onto an equivalent i. SCSI transaction is excessive. For many. the solution is to do away with i. SCSI software initiators and invest in. TCP/IP and i. SCSI processing from a server's. CPU. These specialized cards are sometimes referred to as an i. SCSI Host Bus Adaptor (HBA).
TCP Offload Engine (TOE) card. Also consider that 1. Gigabit Ethernet is a. Probably not. The i. SCSI initiator software will. Oracle RAC nodes (racnode.
For the purpose. of this article, the node openfiler. SCSI target. A second NIC adapter. RAC interconnect and. Openfiler networked storage). Select the appropriate NIC adapter. A second NIC adapter.
RAC interconnect and. Openfiler networked storage).
Select the appropriate NIC adapter. A second internal 7. GB 1. 5K SCSI hard disk will be.
The Openfiler server. SCSI based. storage and will be used in our Oracle RAC 1. Oracle Clusterware as well as. For example, I could have made an extra partition on the 5. GB. internal SATA disk for the i. SCSI target, but decided to make use of. SCSI disk for this example.
The Openfiler. server could be configured with as little as 2.